4-1 Physical Properties of Alkanes. mXIk��:i~q���w/��������QaB�yc'L�>�q(ы�Ƀ�p�7���)�cf�M\��RЂh&h�lL�G�ؽqzt?1�)����J�'c���9���` ��d�(����\B����F4MiM9���"T� ��s~ċ�L>�W�)�"�2��n���qݙx�'�F�a��V�����[sF����2�Pi;lkc�Fa3�Fc��аQj$ �0��ThڳY6C�"V��˰DŽ�n�lGG); ~���j͠���J��Hr����z� �Sx��e�I���mR,����)$��)h����^��*�"(�#Q�� f4��R̃�?���-�ᰯkC�Zݰ�#�,$J�60>��˗�K=5GPָ�m�JS7�}������V2^YIf2 �5�N#�0u^JK�=��4Ğ����4��Z����ɖ�C�JN�2���@�v�F)��DL"�ǮӋ�u[�� The Concept of Homology Figure 4-1 Dependence on n of melting points, boiling points, and den- sities (d2O) of continuous-chain alkanes, CH,(CH,),-,H Members of a group of compounds, such as the alkanes, that have simi- lar chemical structures and graded physical properties, and which differ from <<69084b212a20a646947de5bfe1663922>]>> Alkanes have the general formula [latex] C_nH_{2n+2} [/latex] and can be subdivided into the following three groups: the linear straight-chain alkanes , branched alkanes , and cycloalkanes . 0000007827 00000 n Alkenes have physical properties (low boiling points, insoluble in water) quite similar to those of their corresponding alkanes. ��>I� ��B�VD��,�Q ��A�)�B �͝�ɲ���I�Lr��{��6v�` ��gtGɵ$����a �ڧ��$��MV�^���7��K�%�3p6�|�A�&'���G��n�F�D���E0�Q%�^!�f� �Ak�"�a&�fF��Ll�`�F�2�!G��4�y��XP'��Y���� 2 notes) Methane, Ethane, propane, and butane are gases in room temperature. 0000012677 00000 n 2. ethene < propene < 1-butene < 1-hexene . xڭ;�r丕�� ��ʅ ݜ��'w~��1�"�s�T��NY���c�ڟD&�0�AÈ�O���vq��[���� ��I[w��X��9�}FR�1���"��3���Ȑ��SK�_�o2���m�Zm��e2��^����1��8�ص�P;��&���ܵ-�^l�ۉ���Ÿ��T &�E�����o�z#2�n���ʆ��{���-�4��j��b����}��9�T����h��� (.kNTB_־ � 7�r��� I��5.�C7(���kX7H�\7�Ό!�&�]���;Ͼ��������Ě�����(�y�9�� �@H����8e�!��T�j��SP�q~���T�f�ؐ��9m8�S$�ƾ�S�n0�B��!R���UvC[N��7���/8��:n�I� a/y�mm�D\��e+��uu[i��/d���!,�t+Uw�� �K�ܲ���w�d��+�T�߂��3�"PX��t�Lძ���Mӎ�n��>o�����&�$�o�"�2�BΘ����N,Q���oG�@��!��+�)�ʅL�k+�MU[�3�Li,���$a�o4�{,m0�\@ ﯟkP�{b�6~�� 9EQ�R���aP��Xy��tߠ5J�������SE�Zaڢ"���6xwQ����� The Concept of Homology Figure 4-1 Dependence on n of melting points, boiling points, and den- sities (d2O) of continuous-chain alkanes, CH,(CH,),-,H Members of a group of compounds, such as the alkanes, that have simi- lar chemical structures and graded physical properties, and which differ from View Chapter 3 - Alkanes and Alkane Isomers Pt II.pdf from CHEMISTRY 2214 at Alamo Colleges. stream Branched alkanes normally exhibit lower boiling points than unbranched alkanes of the same carbon content. ݆���I���T���x"��і���L(S\�\�Zu��m �Re;|Q �}S|s��o��],������˛jW�*�yx���.O�M�Ż".o�7�Q��ޫ2:���>��h��w���+?��Џv��}�������ͧ�,��Όx�ee:��V�ds���p��$�UY�W��8�f{���ZG�9پ��c?��$�Ui�}��y0 �KUId�;�&�=��'p#��Q��2�������s�����0�nƞG{�)"�����=]�>t���9�R�E�2��=L|9G{���2�w�_�f�,���c|���Ш���m��^�b~�ۗ�܅0�c=��B�qd&��8%Sܓ���w�J';�|?���I���Q�k�2�"Ⴎ�� r�����m��C? 0000013140 00000 n 9.3: Physical Properties of Alkynes (please read) 206 HCCH acetylene (ethyne) bond angles: H-C-C = 180° (linear geometry bond distances: C-H = 106 pm C≡C = 120 pm Each carbon is sp hybridized – linear geometry C≡C bond consists of one σ–bond (sp hybridized orbitals) and two π–bond (unhybridized p-orbitals) (see ch. alkanes shown are liquids because their boiling points are above room temperature while their melting points are below room temperature. /Filter /FlateDecode 0000001052 00000 n 0000005586 00000 n << >> 0000008520 00000 n ���o�u��E����]g��A�g�d�yD1�=y�mu�����̐��7Z[9��D���o 0 [Table 2.1][next page] This table does not include three-dimensional structures, but you can draw them in the same way that we did earlier for methane, ethane, and propane. [�72�R*8�n a�#����� �\���J�@�W�F�=OE��D�ឯi 0000012899 00000 n The physical properties, olefins closely resemble the paraffins. 28°C) and those with more than 18 C's are also solids. Alkenes contain a carbon-carbon double bond which changes its physical properties. endobj 0000004881 00000 n All the carbon atoms present in an alkane are \(sp^3\) hybridized that is, every carbon atom forms four sigma bonds with carbon or hydrogen atoms. 0000001243 00000 n Learn in details about the physical properties … �� h;2d��w��ct�.���.p���j!,4���PU�\�����n8� �q]aI��D���dOw�I�p�-����>4����{��i�Q@}�gy�����;��^�F?�{�9��D�2��T]�/d~{i��� ���5�v��:�t�r� ��(�eDt�C�/�GxP�oaz>=�g�*�G۝X�?�f��fF6�&�=�u ܠn�.�+�l�5'��� g��w. Alkanes are not very reactive and have little biological activity; all alkanes are colorless and odorless. 0000012182 00000 n 0000012430 00000 n �O���t��/p�������a0��~jY��u;)z����yW�2���Ɓ�"Mا��(�H1�@�]��H"j�da�T�&��\|��?�zs�p 9+��^���1����3:�D��M�{f�$%�u�M�g�|Ju�%��a�;q_$?��MW��R���g�� Physical Properties of Alkanes: Boiling Point Intermolecular forces are dominated by London forces - Alkanes are non-polar because H and C have similar electronegativity leading them to interact with themselves through London Forces which causes a trend in boiling point: 300oC 0oC The lowest molecular mass unbranched alkane that can be a solid at room temperature is octadecane (C18H38 or CH3-(CH2)16-CH3) (m.p. Some salient physical and chemical properties of alkanes are: Physical Properties of Alkanes 1.

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