(a) A variety of rice grown along the yellow river in China Vaccines produced using this .approach allow large scale production and hence greater availability for immunisation, e.g., hepatitis B vaccine (Recombivax HB) produced from yeast. Answer. 6. Bt toxin gene has been cloned from this bacterium and expressed in plants. Explain the method with an example. The South African TRC has provided the world with another tool in the struggle against impunity and the search for justice and peace. Give reason for your answer. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B, that are linked together by disulphide bridges. 7. Once inside, the DNA becomes expressed by the cell machinery, resulting in the produc­tion of therapeutic protein, which in turn treats the patient’s disease. Also mention the functions of each tool. Answer. Our latest podcast episode features popular TED speaker Mara Mintzer. Basmati rice is distinct for its unique aroma and flavour and 27 documented varieties of Basmati are grown in India. Answer. Differentiate between diagnostics and therapeutics. 5. Gene therapy is a collection of methods that allows correction of a gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child/embryo. temperature etc.). The clone having the mutated gene will hence not appear on the photographic film, because the probe will not have complementarity with the mutated gene. Multi-gene disorders such as heart disease, high blood pressure, Alzheimer’s disease, arthritis, and diabetes cannot be treated through this therapy as conditions or dis­orders that arise only from mutations in a single gene are the best candidates for gene therapy. 8. Disadvantages of biotechnology include antibiotic resistant bacteria, new allergic reactions and higher prices for farmers. Answer. Answer. Study of basic biological process—how genes are regulated, how they affect the normal functions of the body and its development. ELISA is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction. Answer. Answer. It was first conceptualized in 1972, with the authors urg­ing caution before commencing gene therapy studies in humans. Gene therapy is an attempt to do this. Answer. Traditional knowledge related to bio-resources can be exploited to develop modem applications and can also be used to save time, effort and expenditure during their commercialisation. Finally, the 15. C-peptide of human insulin is Golden rice is 9. The failure to prosecute disillusioned many victims and encouraged the view that the government had strengthened impunity and that the beneficiaries of apartheid had escaped accountability for their actions. It was set up in 1995 under the leadership of Archbishop Tutu and was…, He established in 1995 the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), which investigated human rights violations under apartheid, and he introduced housing, education, and economic development initiatives designed to improve the living standards of the country’s Black population. (d) α -1 antitrypsin is used to treat emphysema. Despite these challenges and limitations, the TRC was internationally regarded as successful and showed the importance of public participation in such processes, including the initial decision-making process leading up to the establishment of a truth commission. (b) An enzyme Answer. 3. Transgenic animals are the animals in which a foreign gene is expressed. However, non-viral methods can present certain advantages over viral methods, such as large scale production and low host immunogenicity. Recent break­through using gene therapy is a mouthwash that promises good results for those with oral cancer. (c) Aspartate deaminase  (d) Arginine deaminase Answer. For that reason, certain areas of study in biotechnology, such as human cloning, have been restricted or outlawed outright. 6. A key weakness of the commission was that it did not focus sufficiently on the policies or political economy of apartheid. 8.

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